Over time, the relationship between Africa and Europe revolved ever more around the trade in slaves, damaging Africa's relative political and economic power as the terms of monetary exchange shifted drastically in Europe's favour. It reconstructs the world of kingdoms whose existence (like those of Europe) revolved around warfare, taxation, trade, diplomacy, complex religious beliefs, royal display and extravagance, and the production of art. Toby Green's groundbreaking new book transforms our view of West and West-Central Africa. Until at least 1650, this was a trade of equals, using a variety of currencies - most importantly shells: the cowrie shells imported from the Maldives, and the nzimbu shells imported from Brazil. Its gold had fuelled the economies of Europe and Islamic world since around 1000, and its sophisticated kingdoms had traded with Europeans along the coasts from Senegal down to Angola since the fifteenth century. Winner of the Nayef Al-Rodhan Prize for Global Cultural Understanding 2019Īn Observer and Wall Street Journal Book of the Year 2019Ī groundbreaking history that will transform our view of West Africaīy the time of the 'Scramble for Africa' in the late nineteenth century, Africa had already been globally connected for many centuries. Winner of the American Historical Association's Jerry Bentley Prize in World History 2020 Winner of the Historical Writers' Association Non-Fiction Crown 2020 Shortlisted for the Wolfson History Prize, Cundill History Prize, Fage and Oliver Prize, the Los Angeles Times Book Prize and the Pius Adesanmi Memorial Award
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